A series of in vitro and in vivo bioassays were conducted to assess the ectoparasiticide activity of isopropyl-4-nitro-2,6-bis(trifluoromethyl)-1-benzimidazole-carbamate, an experimental benzimidazole-carbamate class compound. This compound was less potent than permethrin against ectoparasiticide-susceptible larvae of the lone star tick, Amblyomma americanum (L.) (Acari: Ixodidae); larvae of the southern cattle tick, Boophilus microplus (Canestrini); and adult stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.) (Diptera: Muscidae) in vitro, but it was significantly more potent than permethrin against the Santa Luiza strain of B. microplus known to possess high-level resistance to amitraz and pyrethroids. In contrast, the benzimidazole-carbamate was substantially more efficacious than permethrin when applied topically onto rats that were infested with A. americanum nymphs. These results suggest that this experimental compound may be a viable candidate ectoparasiticide that retains significant activity against resistant B. microplus and also suggests that the benzimidazole-carbamate chemistry may be useful for addressing the growing problem of resistance in ectoparasites.
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1 March 2005
Comparison of In Vitro and In Vivo Ectoparasiticide Activity of Experimental Benzimidazole-Carbamate with Permethrin and Amitraz
W. Hunter White,
Steven M. Bauer,
XIAOWEN ZHAO,
Jesus A. Gutierrez,
CHARLES K. SMITH
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Journal of Medical Entomology
Vol. 42 • No. 2
March 2005
Vol. 42 • No. 2
March 2005
acaricide
benzimidazole-carbamate
Boophilus
larval immersion microassay
resistance